Climate forcing due to future ozone changes: an intercomparison of metrics and methods

21 August 2025

The authors used 7 climate models that include atmospheric chemistry and find that in a scenario with weak controls on air quality, the warming effects (over 2015 to 2050) of decreases in ozone-depleting substances and increases in air quality pollutants are approximately equal and would make ozone the second highest contributor to warming over this period. They find that for stratospheric ozone recovery, the standard measure of climate effects underestimates a more comprehensive measure.

Please also read the press release by University of Reading.

Contact: William J. Collins (w.collins@reading.ac.uk) and Fiona M. O'Connor (fiona.oconnor@metoffice.gov.uk)